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The great grass steppes of Central Asia’s nomadic tribes started migrating towards China, India, Persia, and Europe around the year 200 AD. But still now the reason behind the migration is not fully understood. Huns are the largest nomads group. After the sporadic raids and invasions across the Rhine and Danube the Western Roman Empire was weakened at that time. The Roman army got benefits from some barbarian groups, where they enlisted into the army when Roman emperors needed to raise their armies quickly. The barbarians kept their own leaders and they do not have any loyalty and discipline of the legions.

The Byzantines rules the Byzantium; an ancient city in the Bosporus during the period of 476 to 1453. This city was renamed as Constantinople by the Roman emperor Constantine in the fourth century. The Byzantines held Syria, Egypt, and Palestine in early sixth century and lost them to the Arabs in seventh century. Justinian I was the first great Byzantine emperor whose ambition was to restore the old Roman Empire and he nearly succeeded as well. The economy of Byzantines was considered as richest economy in Europe for many centuries. The general superior army was the key strength of Byzantine Empire. In fourteenth century Turks captured Constantinople and that brought the Byzantine Empire to an end.